An Investigation Into Electrical Resistance :: essays research papers

Background Knowledge Resistance, in electricity, is a property of any object or substance to resist the flow of an electrical current. The quantity of resistance in an electric circuit determines the amount of current flowing in the circuit for any given voltage applied to the circuit. The resistance of an object is determined by the nature of the substance of which it is composed, its resistivity, accounting for its dimensions and its temperature. Resistivity is expressed in terms of Ohms / cm3 at 20Â ºC. An electrical conductor is any material that offers little resistance to the flow of an electric current. The difference between a conductor and an insulator, which is a poor conductor of electricity, is one of degree rather than kind, because all substances conduct electricity to some extent. A good conductor of electricity, such as silver or copper, may have a conductivity billions of times as great, or more, as the conductivity of a good insulator, such as glass or mica. Method We were set the task of investigating the factors that come into play when determining the resistance of a piece of wire. We would be provided with the necessary apparatus needed to carry out the investigations. The basic setup would involve a circuit with a set of cells connected in series with an ammeter and the piece of wire being investigated, and a voltmeter connected in parallel with the wire. The ammeter is placed in series with the wire. An ammeter has a low resistance, so that it introduces as little extra resistance as possible into the circuit. The voltmeter is connected in parallel with the wire. Voltmeters have a high resistance, so the current they take is usually negligible. We decided on the variables that could affect the resistance of a wire:  Length of the wire  Thickness of the wire  The material used as the wire  Temperature We were to investigate as many of these factors as possible given a limited period of time. We would carry out a set of experiments where in each one we changed one variable while keeping the others constant. In each case we would have to measure the current passing through the circuit and the potential difference across the wire; given these the resistance could be calculated using the formula R=v/i, where R is the resistance in Ohms, v is the potential difference in Volts, and i is the current in Amperes.

The Duke of Delirium: Duke Orsino Analyzed Through Structuralism

Orsino, the Duke of Delirium: Why Our Leaders Will Never Be Self-Aware Shakespeare adorns Orsino, the Duke of Illyria, with numerous character faults: narcissism, capriciousness, impatience; even Olivia finds the Duke repulsive in his â€Å"embassy† (1. 5), and Feste dubs him â€Å"a foolish wit† (1. 5). It is not until Viola enters that Orsino is painted in a new brighter light, and even then, the Duke acts entitled, shallow, and overly masculine (2. 4). Although â€Å"Twelfth Night† is not a tragedy, Orsino’s circumstance is tragic. He is trapped in a vicious hierarchy: a noble wall that separates him from others, protecting his off-putting persona. Because of his status, citizens cannot communicate to him his flaws. Because they cannot communicate, he is left stagnant at the end of the play. When analyzed via structuralism, Orsino’s character articulates the Ur Code that all noble men, protected by a thriving kingdom, act entitled and superior. Interestingly enough, the opposition: ‘Orsino’s perception of self’ verses ‘Other’s perception of Orsino’ (shown below) displays the only common attribute shared between the personal view and the outsider’s view of Orsino: nobility. While this may seem obvious, it explains the lack of communication between the governed and Orsino. The title, â€Å"Duke,† ultimately determines all of the opinions, and also prevents the presentation of these faults to Orsino. When it comes to Orsino, the fact that he holds power is what makes him feel entitled to constant entertainment from Feste, undying love from Olivia, and continuous approval from those he rules. Orsino is oblivious to his changeability and narcissism, which develops the irony of this situation. Orsino’s Perception of Orsino| Illyria’s Perception of Orsino| Great lover/ Romantic | Impatient | Constant | Fickle | Noble | Noble | Masculine | Insincere | Entitled/ Superior | Vainglorious/ Narcissistic| Shakespeare may have inserted this irony into â€Å"Twelfth Night† to further the theme ‘He/She is not what it appears. ’ In the same way as Viola is perceived as a man, but is really a woman, Orsino is perceived as a jerk, but considers himself brilliant. The only difference is that Viola’s perception of self is correct and Orsino’s is incorrect†¦that is, if we are allowed to judge! This question, perhaps, is the largest piece of Shakespeare’s message. The constant switches between gender (Viola/ Cesario), standing (Feste/ Sir Topas), and identity (Sebastian/ Viola) turn the audience’s perceptions upside down and make us question simple things like whether Orsino is good or bad. The Duke wins the heart of Viola in the end, but remains a stagnant ruler. Though they are to be married, he still views himself as being in control of her: â€Å"And since you call’d me master for so long,/Here is my hand: you shall from this time be/Your master’s mistress† (5. ). A female ruler would never have this level of authority, for it is not considered dignified or proper, further proving the point that only males in power possess an overwhelming sense of entitlement. Male entitlement, sadly, is a pattern established in many other portrayals of leaders from Caesar to King George III. Our culture and hierarchies prevent accurate communication, leaving rulers in a state of delirium, a state which Shakespeare’s play s intended for us to be in all along.

Richard 3rd Comparison - 1485 Words

Richard III Act questions Act III 1. Compare Hastings speech in III, iv, 48-53 with his speech in III, iv, 95-100. What has Hastings realized by the end of the scene? Hastings speeches compared show Hastings realizations that of Richards plan. In lines 48-52, Hastings believes he can read Richard like a book, as he is in a good mood, he says â€Å"I think there’s never a man in Christendom Can lesser hide his love or hate than he, For by his face straight shall you know his heart†. By this we see that Hastings is in belief that him and Richard are great friends, and that nothing is ‘on his mind’. By lines 95-100, Hastings has been ordered to be beheaded by Richard as he believes him to be a traitor. As Hastings is about to be gone, he†¦show more content†¦He asks for the earldom of Hereford, to which Richard changes the subject. 4. Do you agree or disagree with Margarets idea of retributive justice and why? Must death be answered by death or is there another way justice can come about? In modern times, I do not believe in retributive justice. I believe that death can be solved by jail time, these people who are in jail may rather be dead, so why give them the satisfaction? Justice can now come about by the perpetrator being put into a jail cell and the victims family being greatful they’re locked away to think about that they have done. Although, I do believe in the times Margaret lived, death may have been a form of justice as the jails may not have been as secure, or the penalties not as harsh. 5. Do you think Richards arguments to get Elizabeth to woo her daughter in his name work? Why or why not? Richard III significant quotes Act III 1. Sweet Prince, the untainted virtue of your years Hath not yet dived into the worlds deceit; Nor more can you distinguish of a man Than of his outward show, which, God he knows, Seldom or never jumpeth with the heart. 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